Sarnámi Woordenschat

Het Sarnámi is de moedertaal van de meeste Hindustanen in Suriname en Nederland. De taal is ontstaan uit diverse Indiase talen die door Indiase contractarbeiders in de periode van de contracttijd (1873-1916) uit het noordelijk deel van India werden meegenomen naar Suriname. Omdat de contractarbeiders geworven werden in een vrij uitgestrekt gebied, verspreid over honderden dorpen in de deelstaten Bihar en Uttar Pradesh, betekende dit dat de mensen niet uit een homogeen taalgebied kwamen. Ze spraken verschillende talen en dialecten die in de depots, tijdens de overtocht op het schip en op de plantages langzaam maar zeker samensmolten tot één omgangstaal die wij thans als het Sarnámi kenmerken.

De Noord-Indiase talen die aan de basis stonden van het ontstaan van het Sarnámi zijn Bhojpuri, Awadhi en het Hindi. Echter, vooral het Bhojpuri is van groot belang voor de basis van het Sarnámi, omdat de meeste contractarbeiders uit Uttar Pradesh kwamen waar deze taal de gangbare taal was, en nog steeds is. In Suriname werd de taal vermengd en verder ontwikkelend, met invloeden van het Nederlands, het  Sranantongo en het Engels. Vooral in het district Nickerie, in het westen van Suriname, werd het Engelse woordenschat erg belangrijk in de Nickeriaanse variant van het Sarnámi. Er ontstonden nieuwe woorden die al dan niet in een versarnámiseerde vorm in het Sarnámi werden opgenomen. Zo is het Sarnámi een unieke taal geworden, met vormen die afkomstig zijn uit de verschillende Indiase talen, en een aantal eigen vormen die in de loop der jaren op Surinaamse bodem zijn ontstaan. Deze taal verrijkte zich vooral met veel invloeden op het vocabulaire, terwijl de syntaxis (de grammaticale vormen van de diverse brontalen) in Suriname werd vereenvoudigd en/of vermengd. Zo zijn de vrouwelijke en mannelijke uitgangen van zelfstandig naamwoorden verdwenen, zijn zinsconstructies op soms wel vijf verschillende manieren samen te stellen, spraakklanken zijn veranderd en hebben er bijzondere werkwoordvervoegingen plaatsgevonden die het Bhojpuri vermengd met het Awadhi. 

In mindere mate heeft ook een andere taal invloed uitgeoefend op het Sarnámi. Dat is het Urdu. Het gaat hier om louter religieuze woorden en typisch op de islam gebaseerde culturele uitingen die uit deze taal geïncorporeerd zijn door voornamelijk moslims, die het Sarnámi op deze manier verrijkt hebben. 

In de meest recente uitgave kent het Nederlandse Van Dale Woordenboek zo’n 232.000 trefwoorden. Om een taal goed te kunnen spreken hoeven we gelukkig niet zoveel woorden te kennen. Om een taal redelijk goed te beheersen is het volgens taalgeleerden voldoende om 20.000 woorden te kennen. En om een tekst goed te kunnen lezen en begrijpen zijn zelfs minder woorden voldoende. Woorden die onderverdeeld zijn in frequent gebruikte woorden (structuurwoorden) en woorden die als ‘hoofdwoorden’ in een bepaalde tekst aangeduid worden. 

Feit blijft dat het van groot belang is om mensen een woordenschat mee te geven ten einde een taal te kunnen beheersen en dus te kunnen functioneren in de samenleving. Voor de cognitieve vaardigheden kan het heel erg handig zijn om woorden onder te verdelen in een systematisch schema; per categorie (al dan niet onderverdeeld in allerlei subcategorieën) aangeven wat de woorden en hun betekenissen zijn en in relevante gevallen wat de etymologie is. De ervaring leert dat op deze manier het makkelijker is om woorden te vatten en te onthouden. 

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Structuurwoorden                                

aan                                                                           se, ke

aan de andere kant; daar, die kant                        u pár; udhar

aanstonds; dadelijk                                               turant(e), ekdamme

achter; achteraan; achteruit                                    páche, piche

achterna                                                                  pichá

achterop                                                                  páche, páche par

af en toe                                                                  jab-tab

afzonderlijk                                                             alge, alag, ek-ek

al lang geleden                                                        kabbe ná

al; reeds                                                                  cáhe; abbe

aldoor; steeds                                                         hardam, bár-bár, sadá

aldus; zo                                                                 aisane, oisane

alle; allen, iedereen                                                 sab; sabkoi

alledaags                                                                aisan-taisan

alleen; slechts                                                        akel, akele; srif, kháli, bas

allemaal                                                                 sab; sabhan, sab koi (van mensen)

allen                                                                      sabhan, sab koi

allerlei                                                                   rakam-rakam, rang-birang, ek se ek, har ek rakam

allermeest                                                             sab se besi, besi se besi (St.)

alles                                                                      sab, sab kuch

als                                                                        jab, agar

alsof                                                                     jaise

altijd weer; steeds weer                                       bár-bár, ber-ber

altijd                                                                     hardam, hamesá, bár-bár, sadá

alvorens                                                                    pahile

alweer                                                                       phir se, phin se, phiro

amper                                                                       gat se, gat ke

ander; andere                                                           dusar; dusarká, ekwá

anderen                                                                    dusar koi, dusar jane; aur koi, aur log

anders dan; zo niet dan                                            nahito, ná to

anders                                                                       dusar rakam; nahito

andersom                                                                  ultá

apart                                                                         alag, alge

beetje                                                                        tani, tani se, thorá, thorá se, kuch

behalve                                                                  siwá, chor ke, begar, báki, biná

beter                                                                        aur acchá

bij; dichtbij                                                              pás, hinyán; lage

bijeen                                                                        ekatthá

bijna; zowat                                                             lagbhag

bijtijds; op tijd                                                        tem par, tem se

bijvoorbeeld                                                             udháran árth

bijzonder                                                                bises, atiyant, bisál, kathin

binnen                                                                     bhittar, andar; men

blij                                                                            khusi, khusiyáli, breiti (St.)

boven, erboven; bovenstaand                               uppar; upparwálá

bovenop                                                                    uppar, par

bovenste                                                                   sab se uppar

buiten                                                                        báhar, bahire

buitengewoon                                                          bahut bises

daar                                                                           hunwán, ohin

daarheen; daarginds                                               udhar; hunwán, ohin

daarin                                                                        oman, omen

daarna                                                                       tab se, (okre) bád

daarom                                                                     ohi se, ohi mare, ohi ke mare, i mare, ohi khartin, ohi khátir 

daarop                                                                       tab

daarover                                                                   u báre men, okre (okar) báre men

dadelijk                                                                     abbe, abbe-abbe, ehi láge, turant, ekdam

dag; dagelijks                                                          roj, din; roj-roj, roj nit, har roj, rojáná, nit din, nit roj

dan                                                                            tab, se

dankzij                                                                     bedaulat

dat                                                                             ki

de hele dag                                                               din bhar

degene die; degene dat                                           je, jaun

deze kant                                                                  idhar, i taraf

deze; dit                                                                    i, isab (dichtbij)

dezelfde                                                                    ek, ekke, aisane

dicht                                                                          band

dichtbij                                                                    nagic, nagicce, , lage, lagwe, nasdik; ehin, ás-pás

die kant                                                                     udhar, u taraf, u kait

die; dat                                                                     u, usab (veraf)

direct                                                                         jurte, turante, fauran, abbe-abbe

door                                                                           se, men

doordat; omdat                                                        káran ki, calti se

duidelijk; openhartig                                              safá, khulásá; pritpángi (St.)

dwars; dwars op                                                      berá; ke berá men

echt; werkelijk                                                        sahi, sacce, sac, saccá, sacmuc

echter; maar                                                             baki, balki, lekin

een of ander                                                             koi, kauno, ek

een                                                                             ek, ego

eenderde                                                                   ek tisrá

eens; ooit                                                                  kabbhi, kabbhi ná kabbhi; kahiyo

eenvoudig                                                                saral, sahaj, sadháran, sidhá-sádhá, bholá-bhálá

eerst; eerste                                                              pahile; pahilá, pahilká

eigen                                                                         apan (ápan)

einde                                                                         ant

eindelijk                                                                   ákhir men, ant men

elders; ergens anders                                              aur kahin

elk(e); ieder; iedereen                                             har, har ek; sab; sabkoi

elkaar                                                                        ek dusar, ek dusare

elke dag                                                                    prati din (parti din), har roj, roj

en                                                                               aur, auro

enig(e); enkele                                                         koi, kuch, ek; ekád, ekádgo

enigszins                                                                   kuch ná kuch, kuch, tani se, thorá se

enzovoorts                                                               wagairá

erg; zeer                                                                    bahut, khub, jádá, bajjar, bari, atiyant

ergens anders; elders                                              kahin aur, kahun aur, aur kahin, ante

ergens                                                                       kahin, kahun, kahin ná kahin, kahun ná kahun

ernstig                                                                     gambhir

eromheen                                                                 agal-bagal

erop                                                                          opar

eruit                                                                         eman se, emen se

even; eventjes                                                          abhi

evenals                                                                      jaise

eveneens; ook                                                          bhi

evengoed; toch                                                        to, to bhi, tabbo

evenwel; toch                                                          to bhi, tau bhi

evenzo; net zo                                                         aisahin

extra                                                                          adhik, jádá

fel; heftig                                                                  tej; kar-kar

ferm; krachtig                                                          jabar

fijn; prettig                                                               acchá

flauw                                                                         phikká, maddhim

fors; stevig                                                               bhári; jabar, majbut

fout                                                                           galti, ná thik

fraai                                                                          sundar, moi, bisál

 

gauw                                                               haiye, haldi, háli, háli-háli, jaldi, jaldi-jaldi

gedeelte                                                                    bhág, hissá

geen; geen enkel, geen één                                    ekko ná; kauno ná

geenszins                                                                  hargic ná

geheel; gehele                                                          sab, sárá

geleidelijk aan                                                         hote-hote, aise-aise, dhire-dhire

genoeg                                                                      bas, thik, at, káfi

geschikt                                                                    lái ke

geweldig; enorm                                                     bikat, bisál; bahut, bará

gewoon; eenvoudig                                                sadá, sadháran

ginds; ver weg                                                          dur

goed                                                                          acchá, thik, thik se, barhinyá, nek

graag                                                                         prem se, ásán se, khusiyáli se

groot; groots                                                            barká, bhári, mahá; bisál, besumár

iemand                                                                      koi ná koi

haar; hem (bez.vnw.)                                                ekar (dichtbij); okar (veraf)

haar; hem                                                                 eke, ese (dichtbij), oke, ose (veraf)

haast; haastig                                                          jaldi; jaldi se, háli-hálli

hard; luid, hardop                                                   karer, kará; jor se, kas ke 

hartelijk                                                                    prem se  

heel; heel weinig                                                     bahut; bahut kamti

heleboel                                                                    bahut dher

helemaal niet; beslist niet                                      tanko ná, ek bun ná

helemaal                                                                   ekdam, bilkul

hem; haar (bez.vnw.)                                                ekar (dichtbij), okar (veraf)

hem; haar                                                                 eke (dichtbij), oke (veraf)

het                                                                             i (dichtbij), u (veraf)

hier                                                                            hinyán, yahán, idhar

hierheen                                                                   idhar

hierin                                                                       eman, emen

hierom                                                                     i máre

hij; zij                                                                      i (dichtbij),  u (veraf)

hoe?                                                                         kaise?

hoeveel?                                                                  katná?, kai?

hoewel                                                                     cáhen

hun                                                                          isabke (dichtbij), usabke (veraf) i, isab (dichtbij)

idem                                                                        aisane

ieder(e)                                                                   har ek

iedereen                                                                 sab koi, sab log, sab milá

iemand anders                                                      koi aur, kauno aur

iemand                                                                  koi, kauno, koi ná koi

iets; enige; een                                                      kuch

ik                                                                            ham

in de buurt                                                            ás-pás, mor par

in grote mate                                                        barh ke, jasti men

in het bijzonder                                                   khás kar ke

in ruil van                                                            badle (men)

in                                                                          men

inderdaad                                                            sacce, wásto men, bilkul, sacmuc

indien                                                                  agar

ineens                                                                  acának, ancakke men

integendeel                                                         ulte, ultá

intussen                                                              atne men, tablek

is het niet?                                                         hai to?

ja; jawel                                                             hán, ji, ji hán (beleefheidsvorm)

jezelf; zichzelf                                                   apne áp

jij                                                                       tu

jou; jouw (bez.vnw.); aan jou; van jou           toke; tor, tohár (beleefdheidsvorm); toke; tose, tohse (beleefdheidsvorm)

juist; in orde                                                    thik, sahi, sudh

jullie; jullie (bez.vnw.)                                     tulog, tulogan, tusab; tulogke, tuloganke, tusabke

kant                                                                  alang, kanti, kait, taraf, kináre, pár

keer op keer; telkens                                      bár-bár, hardam

keer; deze keer                                                dáin, dafe, bár; abki

klaar                                                                          don, kabá, khalás

klein; kort                                                                chotá, choti, pilli, jhin; nátá 

kwetsbaar                                                                 nájuk

laag                                                                           nice, nicá ; khálá

laatste                                                                       ákhari, antim

lang geleden                                                             bahut din pahile, bahut din howe hai

lang                                                                           der, deri (duur); lambá (lengte)

langer                                                                       aur der, aur lambá

langs; aan de zijkant                                              kanti (St.), kináre; ke kináre

languit                                                                      pasaral

langzaam; langzamerhand                                     dhire-dhire, ahistá-ahistá; dhire-dhire

leeg                                                                            kháli, jhur

licht; niet zwaar                                                      halluk, haulá

links                                                                          labrá, bánwá

lui                                                                              álsi, lesi (St.)

luid; hard                                                                 jor, jor se, kas ke; karer

luidruchtig                                                               kas ke, jor-jor

 

maar                                                                          baki, balki, magar

makkelijk; gemakkelijk                                          sahaj, ásán

meer                                                                          jádá, besi, aur, auro

meest                                                                         besi, sab se dher, sab se jádá, sab se besi

men                                                                           log, admi, jantá, koi, sab, sabhan

met; samen met                                                       se, sáth, sáthe, sangh, sanghe

middelste                                                                  bicalká, biccewálá

midden; in het midden ; middenin                         bic; bic men; bic men, bicce men

mij, aan mij, van mij; mijn (bez.vnw.); met mij    hamke; hamár, hamre, mor (archaïsch); hamse, hamár sáth, hamár sanghe

minder                                                                      kamti, thorá

minst                                                                         sab se kamti

minstens                                                                   kam se kam

misschien                                                                 isáit, sáit

moeilijk                                                                    kathin, garbar, muskil

mogelijk                                                                   mumkin, hoi sake, ho sake

mooi                                                                          acchá, barhinyá, moi

na; na alles                                                               bád, páche; báki

naast                                                                   bagal (men), kináre, lage

nabij; nader; in de buurt                                 pás, karib, nasdik, nagic, nagicce

nadat                                                                  jab

nadien                                                                tab se, okar bád, okre bád

nauwelijks                                                                gat se, thorá

nauwkeurig                                                              thik

nee                                                                             ná; ji ná (beleefdheidsvorm)

net als                                                                       jaise

net goed; mooi zo                                                   bhale

net; zoëven                                                              abbe, abhi, abhaine, pás

niemand                                                                    koi ná, kauno ná

niet                                                                            ná, ji ná (beleefdheidsvorm)

niets; iets niet                                                          kuch ná

niettemin; toch                                                        phir bhi, tobhi

nieuw                                                                        nawá

nimmer                                                                     kabbhi ná, kabbo ná

noch                                                                          ná

nog altijd                                                                  abbe tak, ab tak, abbe talak, ab talak

nog één; nog eens                                                    ek aur; phir, phir se, phin, phin se

nog iemand                                                              koi aur

nog steeds                                                                abbe tak, ab tak, abbe talak, ab talak

nog                                                                            abbe

nogal; nogal wat                                                     bahut; bahut kuch

nogmaals                                                                  phir se, phin se

noodzakelijk                                                            jarur, jaruri

nooit                                                                         kabbhi ná, kabbo ná

nu en dan                                                                  kabbhi-kabbhi, kabhi-kabhi

nu nog                                                                       abhi

nu                                                                              ab, abbe, isáit, i wakt

of                                                                               yá, kito, ki

ofschoon; hoewel                                                    cáhen

ofwel                                                                         kito, yáto

okay (oké)                                                                thik

om                                                                             khátir, khátin, khát

omdat                                                                        káhense, káren ki

omheen                                                                     sab kait, agal-bagal; cáro alang, cáro kait, cáro kánti

omhoog                                                                    uppar

omlaag                                                                      nicce

omstreeks                                                                 lagbhag, koi

omtrent; hieromtrent; daaromtrent                     lagbhag; i báre men; u báre men

ondanks; niet tegenstaande                                    hote huwe (bhi)

onder                                                                         nice, nicce, tare

ondersteboven                                                         ultá, ultá-phultá

ondertussen                                                              tablek, atne men

ongeveer                                                                   lagbhag, koi, kariban

onjuist                                                                       galti, ná thik, ná sahi

onlangs; pas, pas geleden                                      haliye, pás-pás

onmetelijk                                                                aparampár

onmiddellijk                                                            jurte, turant, turante, fauran (phauran), jaldi se, ehi láge, ekdam

onmogelijk                                                               muskil, anhoni, ná hoi sake

onnodig                                                                     jhutthe, bejaruri

ons (bez.vnw.); van ons                                            hamlogke, hamoganke, hamsabke, hamsabhanke

onverwacht(s)                                                          acának, ancakke men

onvolledig                                                                báki, ná purá, adhurá, adhure

ooit                                                                            kabbhi, kabbhi ná kabbhi, kahiyo

ook; ook al                                                               bhi; cáhen

op de een of andere wijze                                      kauno bidhi

op deze wijze; op die wijze                                     aise, i rakam, i taráh; oise, u rakam, u taráh

op elkaar; boven elkaar                                          tar uppar, tar ke uppar

op goede wijze                                                         acchá se, acchá taráh, moi se

op slechte wijze                                                       kharáb se, burá se

op welke wijze?                                                       kaise?, kaun rakam (se)?, kaun taráh?

op                                                                              par

opdat                                                                         jaune, jaise ki

opeens                                                                       acának, ancakke men

open; openlijk                                                         khulal, khullá; khullá-khulli, khulásá

opnieuw                                                                   phir, phir se; phino, phino se

oud (tijdsbeeld; oud (leeftijd)                                  purán, puráná; burhá, burhwá, burhiyá 

over; resterend                                                        báki; bacal

overal                                                                       sagaro, sagattro, sagattar, sakto, sab jaghán, cáro alang, cáro kait, cáro or, cáro kánti (St.)

paar; een paar, enkele                                              jorá; ekad, ekádgo

pardon                                                                      chamá karo (kar do), máf karo (kar do), máfi de do

pas; net                                                                     abbe, haliye

plotseling; plots; plotsklaps                                    acának, ancakke men; catpat men

precies                                                                       parsis, thik, purá, sahi, ekdam

recent; recentelijk                                                   hailye, pás; haliye-haliye

recht; rechtdoor                                                      sidhá, sojhá; sidhe, sojhe

rechtop                                                                     sidhá, sojhá, khará, thará

rechts                                                                        dahiná

rechtstreeks                                                              sidhe

rechtuit                                                                     sojhe

reeds                                                                          abbe, hoi gail

reeks                                                                          ek alang se

rest                                                                            báki, bacal

rond                                                                           golá, gol

rondom                                                                     agal-bagal, ird-gird, cáro alang, cáro kánti (St.)

rustig (situatie); rustig (wezens)                              shánt(i), árám, dhirá; sádháran, sidhá-sádhá, asthil, dhirá

's avonds                                                                   rát ke

’s middags                                                                sanjhá ke

’s ochtends; vroeg in de ochtend                          sabere; sabere-sabere

samen met                                                                sanghe, sáthe, sáth

samen; gezamenlijk                                                 sáth, sáthe, sangh, sanghe, mil ke;  mil-jul ke, samlit, ek men

scherp (voorwerp); scherp (eten)                           tej, chonk; titá 

sedert; sindsdien                                                     jab se

sinds toen; sinds die tijd                                        tab se

sinds wanneer?                                                        kab se?

sinds; vanaf                                                              jab se; se

slecht                                                                         kharáb, garbar, burá

slechts een;  maar een                                             ekke, ekkego, bas ek

slechts                                                                       srif, kháli, bas, kewal

smal                                                                          pátar, patrá

snel; gauw                                                               jaldi, jaldi se, jaldi-jaldi, hali se, háli-háli, haldi, , haldi se, phurti, phurti se, phurti-phurti,  jhatpat, phatáphat

somber                                                                     udás

sommige; enkele                                                     koi, koi-koi, koi ná koi; ekád, ekádgo

soms                                                                         kabbhi, kabbo, kabbhi-kabbhi, kabbo-kabbo, jab-tab

speciaal                                                                     khás (kare ke), bises

steeds                                                                        hardam, hamesá, bár-bár, sadá

sterk                                                                          jabar, majbut

stevig                                                                         kasal, kas ke, jabar, jabarjast

stil                                                                             shánt, shánti, sunsán, astil (asthil)

straks                                                                        abbe, abhi-abhi

 

talrijk                                                                        bahut dher, bahute, gajjhin

te eniger tijd                                                             kabbhi ná kabbhi

te                                                                               bahut, adhik

tegelijk; tegelijkertijd                                             ek láge; tablik

tegen                                                                         se; birudh, khiláf

tegenover                                                                 sámne

tegenwoordig; dezer dagen                                     áj-kál, isáit, i samai

telkens; telkens weer                                               bár-bár, ber-ber, hardam; ek bháw, ek sur, bár-bár

ten eerste                                                                  sab se pahile

tenminste                                                                  kam se kam

tenslotte                                                                   ant men, ákhir, ákhir men

terecht                                                                       thik

terloops                                                                    báte bát men

terwijl                                                                       jabki, jab

teveel                                                                        bahut, khub, adhik, jádá

tevergeefs                                                                 jhutthe (ke)

thans                                                                         ab, isáit, i wakt, i samai

tijd; een tijd lang; op tijd                                       tem, ghari, samai, wakt; kuch din; tem par, samai par

tijdelijk                                                                      thorá din (khát)

tijdens                                                                        …te men

tijdig                                                                          áge se, samai par, tem se

toch                                                                           tabbo, to, tobhi, phir bhi

toen                                                                           tab, tabhi, jab, bas

toevallig                                                                   dhuppal men, sanjogan

tot nu toe; tot nu                                                     ab tak, abbe tak, ab talak, abbe talak

tot wanneer?                                                            kab tak?, kab talak?

tot zolang                                                                 tab tak, tab talak

tot                                                                              tak, talak

totaal                                                                        sab, ekdam, purá

totdan                                                                       tab tak, tab talak

totdat                                                                        jab tak, jab talak

trouwens; dan                                                         to

tussen                                                                        darmiyán, bic men, bicce men

tweede                                                                      dusará

u; aan u, van u; met u                                            áp, áplog; ápke, áplogke, áploganke; ápse, áplogse, áploganse

uit                                                                              men se; báhar, bahire; nikaral

uitgezonderd                                                            iláwá, chor ke

uw; van u                                                                 ápke, áplogke, áploganke

vaak; vele keren                                                      hardam; dher dáin, dher dafe

van nu af aan; vanaf nu                                          ab se

van; vanaf                                                                ke, se; se, par se

vandaag; vanaf vandaag, vanaf nu                       áj; áj se, ab se

vandaar                                                                     ohi khátin, ohi, khartin, ohi máre

van hun                                                                     usabke, ulogke, usabhanke, uloganke

vanuit                                                                        men se

vanwege                                                                   káran

veel minder                                                              bahut kamti

veel                                                                            dher, bahut, jádá, besi, adhik

veilig                                                                         suraksit

ver; ver weg                                                             dur; bahut dur

verder                                                                        áge; aur áge, aur duri

vergeefs                                                                    birthá

verkeerd                                                                   galti, garbar, ultá-phultá

verlies                                                                       háni, lás

vers                                                                            tájá, tatká

verschillende; meerdere                                         kai, kaiyan

verschrikkelijk                                                         bahut, bajjar

verte; in de verte                                                     duri; duri men

via, vanuit                                                                se hoi ke

vies                                                                            mailá, malich, morsu

vlak; plat                                                                  barábar; plátá

vlakbij                                                                       lage, lagwe, nagic, dariye

vlot                                                                            carphar

vlug                                                                            jaldi, jaldi-jaldi, háli, háli se, háli-háli, phurti, phurti-phurti, jhatpat, phatáphat

vol                                                                             bharal, bhar

voldoende                                                                 bas, purá, káfi

volgend(e)                                                                ekwá, ánewálá

volgens                                                                     jaise, mutábik, anusár

volledig                                                                     sárá, sab, bharpur, purá, ekdamse, sarásar

volmaakt                                                                   purá

volstrekt                                                                    ekdamse

voor niemendal                                                       jhutthe (ke)

voor; omwille                                                          khát, khátir, khátin

vooraan (voor); voorop; vooraf; vooruit               áge

vooraf                                                                        pahile, áge se

vooral                                                                       khás kar ke, bises kar ke

voorbeeld; bij voorbeeld                                        udáharan, misál; jaise

voorbij                                                                      pás, bital

voordat                                                                     pahile

voorin                                                                        áge men

voorlopig                                                                  abbe, i wakt khát

voornaamste                                                            sab se pahilá

voorop                                                                      áge

voorste                                                                      áge, pahilká

voortaan                                                                   ab se, áge men

voortdurend                                                             hardam, bárambár, lagátár

vooruit                                                                      áge

voorzeker                                                                 besak

vorige                                                                        pichalá, bitalwálá

vreselijk                                                                    bahut, bajjar

vrij                                                                             chutti, ajád, khulásá

vroeg; vroeger                                                         saunker, saunkere, fruku (St.); pahile

waar ook                                                                  jidhar, kahin, kahin ná kahin

waar; waar?                                                             jahán; kahán?

waardoor?                                                                kaun káran

waarheen?                                                                káhan?, kidhar?

waarin?                                                                     keman?, kemen?

waarmee?                                                                 kese?, kaunci se?

waarom?                                                                   káhen?, káhen khát?, káhenkhátin?, káhen ke? káhen khartin?, káhen khátir?

waarschijnlijk                                                          sáit, subháh, sambhau; mumkin

waarvoor?                                                                káhen?

wanneer ook                                                            jab kabbhi, cáhen jab

wanneer...dan                                                         jab...tab

wanneer; wanneer?                                                 jab; kab?

want                                                                          káran ki, káhense

wat voor een?; wat voor?                                      kaun?, kaisan?

wat?                                                                          ká?, kaunci?, kauncij?

wederzijds                                                                apne men

weer; opnieuw                                                         phir, phir se, phino, phino se, phin, phin se, phiro

wegens                                                                      máre, káran

weinig                                                                      kamti, tani, thorá

wel; jawel                                                                hán, ji, ji hán

weleens                                                                     kabbhi-kabbhi

welja; werkelijk                                                      albat

welk?                                                                        kaun?

welke kant? ; welke richting?                               kaisi?, kaun taraf?, kaun kait?, kaun alang?, kaun sojhe?

welke?                                                                       kaun?, kaunwálá?

wellicht                                                                    sáit

welnu                                                                        bhalá, acchá, so

werkelijk; in werkelijkheid                                    wásto, sacmuc; wásto men, sacmuc men, asal men, asli men

wie? aan wie; van wie? met wie?                         ke?, keke?; kekar?; kese?

wiens? van wie?                                                      kekar?

wij; ons                                                                    hamlog, kamlogan, hamsab, hamsabhan; hamlogke, hamloganke, hamsabke, hamsabhanke

wijze; manier                                                          rakam, tariká, kisim

zachtjes; zachtjes aan                                            dhire-dhire, sust se, rase-rase; ahistá-ahistá, dhire-dhire

zal wel                                                                      hoi

zeer; erg                                                                   bahut, jádá, khub, mahá, ati, atiyant, bajjar

zeker                                                                          jarur, besak, ekdam, sac

zeldzaam                                                                  birle, bises

zelf                                                                            apne, apná, apan-apan

zelfde                                                                        ohi, ekahi, ekke, aisane

zelfs                                                                           bhi

zichzelf; in zich zelf                                                apne; maneman

zienderogen                                                             dekhte-dekhte, takte-takte

zij (enk.)                                                                     i (dichtbij), u (veraf)

zij (mv.)                                                                      isab, isabhan, ilog, ilogan(dichtbij); usab, usabhan, ulog, ulogan (veraf)

zo; op die manier                                                      aise, aisahin, oise, waise, i (u) rakam se

zoals; netals                                                             jaise, ner; rakam

zodat                                                                         jaise ki, jaune

zodra                                                                         jaise, jab

zoëven; zojuist                                                        abhi, abbe, abbe-abbe, abhaine

zolang                                                                      jab tak, jab talak, jabbe tal, jabbe talak

zo'n                                                                           aisan

zonder                                                                      biná, begair, begar

zoveel; net zoveel als; zovelen                              otná, etná; jetná; ketne

zowel                                                                        ká

zulk                                                                           aisan

zwaar                                                                        garhu, kará; hebi (St.)

zwak                                                                         kamjor, nibar, nirbal, nájuk; swáki (St.)